Whether hiring a driver or checking your qualifications, understanding the different classes of driver’s licenses can save you time and frustration. Motor Vehicle Records (MVR) checks give you a clear view of a driver’s history, including the license class and endorsements that person has. But what do all those letters and acronyms actually mean?
Types of Driver’s License Classes
Driver’s licenses aren’t one-size-fits-all – far from it. The type of license someone holds directly relates to the vehicle they’re legally allowed to operate.
In the United States, these licenses fall into two broad categories: commercial and non-commercial. In case there’s any confusion, the first is typically used for business-related purposes and the latter for personal use. Each can be broken down even further—but let’s not get ahead of ourselves.
Commercial Driver’s Licenses
Commercial Driver’s Licenses (CDLs) are mandatory for operating larger or more complex vehicles, especially those used for business purposes. These licenses have three main categories, each catering to specific types of vehicles and cargo.
Class A CDL
A Class A CDL allows drivers to operate vehicles with a combined weight rating of 26,001 pounds or more, provided the towed vehicle exceeds 10,000 pounds. Think long-haul truckers towing massive trailers. This license allows you to drive flatbeds, tractor-trailers, tanker trucks, and livestock carriers.
But don’t forget—endorsements like the “T” for double or triple trailers may be required for specific jobs. The versatility of a Class A CDL makes it a common choice for professional truck drivers seeking opportunities in multiple industries.
Class B CDL
A Class B CDL is for operating single vehicles over 26,001 pounds and towing trailers under 10,000 pounds. Think dump trucks, large buses, or delivery trucks. This class is perfect for those who need to handle sizable vehicles without managing the complexities of towing heavy loads. Many local delivery companies and construction crews rely on drivers with a Class B CDL to move essential equipment and goods efficiently.
Class C CDL
Drivers transporting hazardous materials or passengers typically hold a Class C CDL. It covers smaller vehicles not included in Class A or B but requires specialized skills. School buses, small HAZMAT vehicles, and certain passenger vans fall under this category. The additional focus on safety and handling makes Class C CDL holders valuable in their respective fields.
Non-commercial Driver’s Licenses
Non-commercial licenses are more familiar to the average driver. These licenses cover most personal vehicle operations and are issued to millions of Americans each year.
Class D
A Class D license is the most common—the standard driver’s license that many people reading this have in their wallets right now. It permits the operation of passenger cars, SUVs, and light trucks.
It’s the foundation for all drivers and servers and the starting point for anyone learning to drive. Returning to the 40-ton semi truck image, it’s probably best to learn how to operate a smaller vehicle well before tackling one of these juggernauts.
Class E
Some states issue Class E licenses, typically for non-commercial vehicles that exceed standard weight limits. These might include farm trucks or smaller commercial vehicles used locally. Drivers in rural areas often rely on this class to navigate unique transportation challenges without needing a full commercial license.
Other Non-commercial Classes
Other classes vary by state but often include licenses for recreational vehicles, special equipment, or other unique driving situations. Always check local DMV rules to clarify requirements. For example, some states have specific licenses for snowmobiles or off-road vehicles, ensuring safe operation in specialized environments.
Types of Driver’s License Endorsements
You may be accustomed to hearing the word endorsement in the political theatre, especially around election time, but with driving licenses, endorsements add extra permissions to a driver’s license, enabling them to operate specific vehicles or handle unique situations. Here are some common ones:
H: Transport hazardous materials (HAZMAT) – requires passing a rigorous background check and knowledge test.
T: Drive double or triple trailers – increasing cargo capacity for long hauls.
P: Carry passengers – commonly needed by bus drivers.
N: Operate tank vehicles – essential for transporting liquids safely.
X: Combination of HAZMAT and tank endorsements – ideal for specialized logistics roles.
S: Drive school buses, which involves strict safety protocols and additional training.
Endorsements are an excellent way for drivers to expand their capabilities and job prospects. An employer who encounters a wide range of endorsements during an MVR check knows they have a skilled driver on their hands.
However, endorsements aren’t for life. Some states require refresher courses for specific endorsements, ensuring drivers stay up-to-date with industry standards.
Other Types of Driver’s Licenses
Beyond the standard classes, there are specialized licenses for specific purposes:
Motorcycle License: This license is for two and three-wheeled motorized vehicles. Riders must pass a skills test to demonstrate control and safety awareness.
Taxi License: Required in some areas to operate cabs. It ensures drivers meet local standards for passenger safety and route knowledge.
Chauffeur License: Allows for professional driving of luxury vehicles. Many states require additional background checks for this designation.
Farm Vehicle License: This license governs the use of large agricultural equipment on public roads. It is often seasonal and tailored to rural needs.
Enhanced Driver’s License (EDL): This combination of a driver’s license and a travel ID is accepted for border crossings. It’s a convenient option for frequent travelers in certain states.
Provisional License: Often issued to younger drivers, this license includes restrictions such as curfews or passenger limits until the driver gains more experience.
These licenses cater to niche needs, offering tailored solutions for unique driving scenarios. They often require specific tests and qualifications, distinguishing them from standard permits.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Is the Most Common Driver’s License Class?
Class D licenses are the most widely issued. These are the standard licenses for everyday drivers, covering personal vehicles like cars, SUVs, and light trucks. If you’re not driving for work or handling specialized vehicles, this is probably the license you have.
Final Thoughts
Understanding MVR checks simplifies compliance and hiring processes. Whether you’re an employer looking to place the final tick next to a prospective candidate or someone exploring new career opportunities, knowing the distinctions between license types and endorsements is essential; it can be the difference between legal and illegal.
For hiring, an accurate and comprehensive MVR check is a must. Penalties for employing a person with an incorrect license for the job they’re involved in can be severe – and that’s before any legal issues should that person be involved in an accident. ScoutLogic offers detailed and thorough MVR checks that ensure you get accurate and reliable information every time. A glowing resume with many license endorsements can be verified, and you can hire with complete confidence they’ll be up to the job.
David Garcia, co-founder and CEO of Scout Logic, is an industry leader in the bulk background check world. With his strategic acumen and expertise in the HR sphere, specifically in hiring, recruiting, legal compliance, background checks, and resume screening, he’s an invaluable asset and consultant.
David's counsel extends across the boards of ScoutLogic, YipitData, and Supplier.io, drawing from his impactful stints on the boards of Infutor and Avetta. With an extensive 25-year journey, he champions unparalleled B2B commercial leadership within data & analytics, significantly shaping the HR landscape.
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